Improved analytical model for cylindrical compression springs not ground considering end behavior of end coils

In a context of increased competition, companies are looking to optimize all the components their systems. They use compression springs with constant pitch for linear force/length relationship. However, it appears that classic formula determining global load-length spring is not always accurate enough. It does consider effects spring's ends, which can induce non-linear behaviour at beginning and thus propagate an error over full estimated. The paper investigates entire cylindrical spring, ground, using analytical, simulation experimental approaches in order help engineers design greater accuracy. built analytical finite element method, considering geometry force spring. As result, be calculated more Moreover, now possible determine effective tri-linear relation ground enlarge operating range commonly defined by standards. This study first enables quickly, saving time on dimensioning optimisation manufacturing process ground.